Lippia integrifolia (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic woody perennial shrub, popularly known as "incayuyo", that grows in northwest and central Argentina. It’s a native species of major economic importance currently under intensive harvesting pressure in the wild, according to the National Institute of Agricultural Technology of Argentina, due to its highly value medicinal uses and aromatic properties. Chemically the essential oil is composed of the terpenes camphor, limonene, camphene, methyl-isoeugenol, and the sesquiterpenes lippifoliane, bicyclo germacrene and africanane. The latter compound is of particular interest because L. integrifolia is the only plant species in which this compound is found. The aim of this work is to asses the quimical genetic variability between and within populations in the same environment., and evaluate heredability of the quimical composition of the essential olis, to promote future plant breeding programns. Deepening the knowledge of the composition and quality of the essential oils of this species is of great importance for selection plans and domestication of the species, based on individuals with desirable characteristics.